feat: bump Firebase web JS SDK 10.3.1 (#11588)

Author: russellwheatley

packages/firebase_core/firebase_core_web/lib/src/firebase_sdk_version.dart

@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@
 part of firebase_core_web;
 
 /// The currently supported Firebase JS SDK version.
-const String supportedFirebaseJsSdkVersion = '10.1.0';
+const String supportedFirebaseJsSdkVersion = '10.3.1';